Command List

Explain Linux/Unix commands

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Package management tool for Debian-based Linux distributions.

Search for files within packages in the APT package management system.

Pattern scanning and text processing language for manipulating structured data.

Extract the filename or directory name from a pathname.

Exits from a for, while, until, or select loop in shell scripts.

Performs conditional branching based on pattern matching in shell scripts.

Concatenate and display file contents to standard output.

Change the group ownership of files and directories.

Change file mode bits (permissions) for files and directories.

Change the login shell for a user.

Compare two files byte by byte.

Resume a suspended job by bringing it to the foreground.

Copy files and directories from source to destination.

Transfer data from or to a server using various protocols.

Extract selected portions of each line from files.

Display or set the system date and time.

Convert and copy files with block-level operations.

Display disk space usage for file systems.

Compare files line by line.

Compare three files line by line.

Query DNS name servers for domain information.

Output the directory portion of a pathname.

Display or control the kernel ring buffer, showing system messages and hardware information.

Manage Docker containers, images, networks, and volumes.

Build an image from a Dockerfile.

Define and run multi-container Docker applications.

Creates and starts a new container from an image.

Package management tool for Debian-based systems that handles installation, removal, and information about .deb packages.

Estimate file space usage for directories and files.

Display a line of text or variables to standard output.

Search for patterns using extended regular expressions.

Display the current environment variables or run a command in a modified environment.

Evaluate and execute arguments as shell commands.

Evaluate expressions and output the result.

Return a successful exit status (0) regardless of input.

Multimedia file converter and processor for audio, video, and other media files.

Determine file type by examining file contents.

Search for files in a directory hierarchy.

Execute a command for each item in a list.

Display amount of free and used memory in the system.

Define shell functions for later execution.

Debug programs interactively with the GNU Debugger.

Retrieves entries from administrative databases.

Parse command-line options in shell scripts.

Distributed version control system for tracking changes in source code during software development.

Add file contents to the index (staging area) for the next commit.

List, create, or delete branches in a Git repository.

Record changes to the repository by saving staged content as a new commit.

Combines changes from different branches into the current branch.

Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch.

Update remote refs along with associated objects.

Reapply commits on top of another base tip, rewriting the commit history.

Reset current HEAD to the specified state.

Temporarily stores modified, tracked files to save changes without committing.

Switch branches or restore working tree files.

Administers /etc/group and /etc/gshadow by modifying group memberships and properties.

Search for patterns in files.

Create a new group on the system.

Delete a group from the system.

Modify a group definition on the system.

Display the groups a user belongs to.

Decompress files compressed with gzip.

Compress or expand files using the gzip algorithm.

Display file contents in hexadecimal, decimal, octal, or ASCII format.

Display the first part of files.

DNS lookup utility for querying domain name servers.

Display or set the system’s hostname.

Send arbitrary HTTP requests and display responses.

Evaluates conditional expressions and executes commands based on the result.

Create, edit, compose, or convert digital images with a comprehensive suite of command-line tools.

Copy files and set attributes.

Display CPU and I/O statistics for devices and partitions.

Monitor I/O usage by processes on the system.

Network configuration tool for managing interfaces, routing, and addresses.

Display information about active IPC facilities (shared memory segments, message queues, and semaphores).

Query and display messages from the systemd journal.

Process and transform JSON data with a lightweight command-line processor.

Terminate or send signals to processes.

Terminates processes by name rather than by process ID.

Evaluates conditional expressions and returns a status based on the evaluation.

Display text files in a scrollable interface with search capabilities.

Create links between files.

List directory contents.

Lists open files and the processes that opened them.

Trace library calls of a program.

Create directories with specified names.

Create named pipes (FIFOs) with specified names.

Display file contents one screen at a time.

Move (rename) files and directories.

Create and manage network connections for data transfer, port scanning, and network debugging.

Display file contents in various formats, primarily octal, decimal, or hexadecimal.

Manage cryptographic functions including certificate creation, encryption, and secure connections.

Universal document converter that transforms files between markup formats.

Change user password.

Apply a diff file to an original file or files.

Performance analysis tool for Linux, providing hardware counter statistics and tracing capabilities.

Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts to verify connectivity.

Format and print data according to a specified format string.

Display information about active processes.

Print a stack trace of running processes.

Display running processes as a tree.

Print the full pathname of the current working directory.

Print the resolved symbolic links or canonical file names.

Print the resolved absolute file path.

Search for patterns in files using regular expressions, with support for recursive directory traversal.

Remove files or directories from the filesystem.

Remove empty directories from the filesystem.

Synchronize files and directories between local and remote systems or between local directories.

Securely copy files between hosts on a network using SSH for data transfer.

Make a typescript of a terminal session.

Stream editor for filtering and transforming text.

Print a sequence of numbers.

Display or set shell options and positional parameters.

Securely transfer files between hosts over an encrypted SSH connection.

Shifts positional parameters in shell scripts, removing the first parameter and renumbering the remaining ones.

Suspends execution for a specified amount of time.

Sort lines of text files.

Execute commands from a file or script in the current shell environment.

Split a file into pieces.

Display socket statistics, providing information about network connections.

Securely connect to remote systems over an encrypted network connection.

Adds private key identities to the OpenSSH authentication agent.

Authentication agent for SSH private keys that holds keys in memory to avoid repeated passphrase entry.

Installs your public key in a remote machine’s authorized_keys file to enable passwordless SSH authentication.

Generate, manage, and convert authentication keys for SSH.

Display file or file system status information.

Modify buffering operations for standard streams.

Trace system calls and signals for a process.

Switch user identity or become another user.

Execute a command as another user, typically with elevated privileges.

Edit files securely as another user, typically root.

Control the systemd system and service manager.

Display the last part of files.

Manipulate tape archives by creating, extracting, listing, or updating files in archive format.

Capture and analyze network traffic on a system.

Read from standard input and write to both standard output and files.

Display and update sorted information about processes.

Create or update file timestamps.

Translate or delete characters from standard input, writing to standard output.

Display directory contents in a hierarchical tree structure.

Return a successful exit status (0).

Shrink or extend the size of a file to a specified size.

Print system information about the operating system.

Filter adjacent matching lines from input, or report unique lines.

Remove a single file.

Execute a command repeatedly until a condition is met.

Extract files from ZIP archives.

update-alternatives

Manages symbolic links determining default commands in the alternatives system.

Configure system locale settings by updating /etc/default/locale.

Edit the sudoers file safely with syntax checking.

Report virtual memory statistics.

Display information about users currently logged in and their processes.

Count lines, words, and bytes in files.

Download files from the web via HTTP, HTTPS, and FTP protocols.

Locate a command’s executable file in the user’s PATH.

Execute commands repeatedly as long as a condition is true.

Display the effective user ID of the current user.

Execute commands using arguments from standard input.

Query or set file type associations in desktop environments.

Opens a file or URL in the user’s preferred application.

Output a string repeatedly until killed.

Create or update ZIP archives by compressing files and directories.